#
Acoustic data sets in NatureSounds

####
Marcelo Araya-Salas, PhD

####
“2025-01-17”

NatureSounds contains a collection of animal sounds for bioacoustic analysis. The main goal is to provide example acoustic data to faciliate the development of bioacoustic tools in the R environment. At the same time, this data can be used as case studies for showing the functionality of tools already available in R. This tutorial offers a quick glance over the acoustic data sets included in the package.

Most data sets are provided as extended selection tables. These are R objects that contain both the annotations (locations of signals in time and frequency) and the corresponding acoustic data as wave objects (see a full description here). Therefore, these are self-contained objects since the original sound files are no longer needed to perform acoustic analyses. These objects are created by the function `selection_table()` from warbleR.

Check out the packages warbleR, tuneR and seewave for sound file manipulation and analysis in R.

## Long billed hermit songs

The example data ‘lbh.est’ is an extended selection table containing long-billed hermit (Phaethornis longirostris) songs. The data contains the annotations and wave objects of 50 long-billed hermit songs from 10 different song types (5 per song type, ‘lek.song.type’ column) recorded at 8 leks (‘lek’ column) in the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. This data set was used in Araya-Salas et al 2019 to show lek (social group) level signatures in song structure.

The spectrograms of the song types can be displayed using the `catalog()` function from warbleR:

    library(warbleR)

    # create a color palette
    trc <- function(n) terrain.colors(n = n, alpha = 0.3)

    # set global options for catalogs
    warbleR_options(same.time.scale = TRUE, mar = 0.001, res = 100, spec.mar = 1, max.group.cols = 5, ovlp = 95,
     width = 23, height = 12.5, tag.pal = list(trc), hatching = 0, cex = 1.3, rm.axes = TRUE, path = "~/Dropbox/R_package_testing/NatureSounds/", box = FALSE)

    # load data
    data("lbh.est")

    # plot catalog
    catalog(X = lbh.est, flim = c(1.5, 10.5), nrow = 10, ncol = 5, group.tag = "lek.song.type", height = 25, cex = 2,
            title = "Long billed hermits", img.prefix = "lbh.est", wl = 100)

Song types are labeled by color groups of consecutive spectrograms.

## Monk parakeet contact calls

‘monk.parakeet.est’ contains annotations and wave objects of 52 monk parakeet calls from four different social scales (individual, flock, pair, site; ‘scale’ column). The ‘ID’ column refers to selections belonging to the same individual when `scale == "Individual`. See Smith-Vidaurre, Araya-Salas & Wright (2019) for more details.

    # load data
    data("monk.parakeet.est")

    # monk parakeets
    catalog(X = monk.parakeet.est, flim = c(1, 11), nrow = 7, ncol = 8,  group.tag = "scale",
            title = "Monk parakeets", img.prefix = "monk.parakeet.est", wl = 300)

In this case color groups refer to the different social scales in the data.

## Spix’s disc-winged bat social calls

‘thyroptera.est’ is an extended selection table of Spix’s disc-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor) social calls. The data contains the annotations and wave objects of social from 8 individual Spix’s disc-winged bats (‘id’ column) belonging to 4 social groups (‘group’ column). See Araya-Salas et al (2020) for more details. Can be used (among other things) to test for individual acoustic signatures.

    # load data
    data("thyroptera.est")

    # thyroptera
    catalog(X = thyroptera.est, flim = c(2, 60), nrow = 5, ncol = 8, group.tag = "group", title = "Spix's disc-winged bats", img.prefix = "thyroptera.est", wl = 300)

Color groups refer to calls from individuals belonging to the same social group.

## Additional acoustic data

The package also includes 5 wave objects that were originally included as example data in warbleR. These are 4 wave objects with long-billed hermit song bouts and 1 with 2 songs from a little tinamou (Crypturellus soui).

### Long billed hermit wave objects

    # load data
    data("Phae.long1", "Phae.long2", "Phae.long3", "Phae.long4", "Cryp.soui")

    # spectrogram
    seewave::spectro(Phae.long1, wl = 100, scale = FALSE, ovlp = 90, grid = FALSE, palette = seewave::reverse.gray.colors.1, collevels = seq(-50, 0, 5))

    # spectrogram
    seewave::spectro(Phae.long2, wl = 100, scale = FALSE, ovlp = 90, grid = FALSE, palette = seewave::reverse.gray.colors.1, collevels = seq(-50, 0, 5))

    # spectrogram
    seewave::spectro(Phae.long3, wl = 100, scale = FALSE, ovlp = 90, grid = FALSE, palette = seewave::reverse.gray.colors.1, collevels = seq(-50, 0, 5))

    # spectrogram
    seewave::spectro(Phae.long4, wl = 100, scale = FALSE, ovlp = 90, grid = FALSE, palette = seewave::reverse.gray.colors.1, collevels = seq(-50, 0, 5))

### Little tinamou wave object

    # spectrogram
    seewave::spectro(Cryp.soui, wl = 1200, scale = FALSE, ovlp = 90, grid = FALSE, palette = seewave::reverse.gray.colors.1, collevels = seq(-35, 0, 2), flim = c(1.4, 2.4))

## References

1. Araya-Salas M, G Smith-Vidaurre. 2017. warbleR: An R package to streamline analysis of animal acoustic signals. Methods Ecol Evol 8:184–191.

2. Araya-Salas M, G Smith-vidaurre, D Mennill, P Gonzalez-Gomez, J Cahill & T Wright. 2019. Social group signatures in hummingbird displays provide evidence of co-occurrence of vocal and visual learning. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 286: 20190666

3. Smith-Vidaurre G, M Araya-Salas, & T Wright. 2019. Individual signatures outweigh social group identity in contact calls of a communally nesting parrot. Behavioral Ecology.

4. Araya-Salas M, A Hernandez-Pinson, N Rojas & G Chaverri. 2020. Ontogeny of an interactive call-and-response system in Spix’s disc-winged bats. Animal Behaviour.

Session information

    ## R version 4.4.2 (2024-10-31)
    ## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
    ## Running under: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
    ##
    ## Matrix products: default
    ## BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.10.0
    ## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.10.0
    ##
    ## locale:
    ##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C
    ##  [3] LC_TIME=es_CR.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=C
    ##  [5] LC_MONETARY=es_CR.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
    ##  [7] LC_PAPER=es_CR.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C
    ##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C
    ## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=es_CR.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
    ##
    ## time zone: America/Costa_Rica
    ## tzcode source: system (glibc)
    ##
    ## attached base packages:
    ## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base
    ##
    ## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
    ##  [1] digest_0.6.37     R6_2.5.1          fastmap_1.2.0     xfun_0.50
    ##  [5] cachem_1.1.0      knitr_1.49        htmltools_0.5.8.1 rmarkdown_2.28
    ##  [9] lifecycle_1.0.4   cli_3.6.3         sass_0.4.9        jquerylib_0.1.4
    ## [13] compiler_4.4.2    rstudioapi_0.16.0 tools_4.4.2       evaluate_1.0.1
    ## [17] bslib_0.8.0       yaml_2.3.10       rlang_1.1.4       jsonlite_1.8.9